Review on Carbon Sequestration in Salt Rock Caverns: Application, Theory and Potentials in China

Authors

  • Rui Song State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-5760
  • Jiayu Chen State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
  • Shangjun Zou School of Tourism Management, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan 430118, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3912-6036
  • Jianjun Liu State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4935-219X
  • Chunhe Yang State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
  • Yao Wang School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7124-7671
  • Yuzhu Wang Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences (CPG), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6866-9876

Abstract

This paper systematically evaluates the technical feasibility, long-term safety, and resource potential of CO2 storage in salt rock cavern (SRC), especially in China. Research indicates that salt caverns represent a highly promising storage option due to their high storage efficiency, although their long-term containment performance is governed by multi-field coupling mechanisms. The transport of CO2 within the surrounding rock is jointly dominated by seepage and diffusion. In China, the widespread occurrence of bedded salt rocks containing interlayers of anhydrite, glauberite, and argillaceous materials significantly complicates the permeation-diffusion network, making it a critical factor in sealing integrity assessment. CO2 injection-induced water–rock interactions exhibit dual effects: mineral dissolution may weaken the surrounding rock and lead to leakage pathways, whereas salt recrystallization and mineral precipitation can enable self-sealing and pore clogging. Additionally, salt precipitation and phase transitions triggered by supercritical CO2 directly affect injectivity and cavern stability. Preliminary estimates suggest that the storage potential of abandoned SRCs in China known by the authors ranges from approximately 56 to 84 million metrictons of CO2, though site-specific evaluation remains essential. The actual potential is likely greater. However, the commercialization of this technology still faces core challenges. Future efforts must prioritize the development of risk prevention and control technologies, along with intelligent monitoring systems, to ensure the long-term safety and efficient operation of CO2 storage in SRCs.

 

Article type:  Review article

Cited as:

Song R, Chen JY, Zou SJ, et al. 2026. Review on Carbon Sequestration in Salt Rock Caverns: Application, Theory and Potentials in China. GeoStorage, 2(1),1-13.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46690/gs.2026.01.01

Keywords:

CO2 sequestration, salt rock cavern, reactions, sealing integrity, stability

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2026-01-05

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Song, R., Chen, J., Zou, S., Liu, J., Yang, C., Wang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2026). Review on Carbon Sequestration in Salt Rock Caverns: Application, Theory and Potentials in China. GeoStorage, 2(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.46690/gs.2026.01.01

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